1. Bit Shift Operators

• >>: Shift to the right.
• >>>: Unsigned right shift (zero-padded).

2. General Syntax of Shift Operators
value value >> num-bits: Moves the value bits to the right, preserving the sign bit.
value >>> num-bits: Moves the value bits to the right by inserting zeros on the left.

3. Left Shift

• Each shift to the left causes all bits of the value to be shifted one position to the left.
• A 0 bit is inserted to the right.
• Effect: Multiplication of the value by 2 at each shift.

4. Shift to the Right

• Each right shift moves all bits one position to the right.
• The sign bit is preserved: 0 for positive values ​​and 1 for negative values.
• Effect: Divide the value by 2 at each shift, with rounding down.

5. Shift to the Right No Sign (>>>)

• No sign bit preservation; inserts 0 on the left.
• Used in bit patterns where the value is treated as an unsigned number.

6. Displacement is not rotational

• Bits shifted out are lost.
• Shifting does not allow recovery of out-shifted bits.

Example:
Left and Right Shift
*ShiftDemo *

Care when Shifting Byte and Short Values

• Java automatically promotes byte and short to int when evaluating an expression.

Example:

• Move a negative byte value to the right: when promoted to int, high-order bits are padded with 1.
• When shifting right with zero padding (>>>), this can cause problems as the top 24 bits will be 1 before zeros start to appear.

Abbreviated Assignments with Bitwise Operators

• All bitwise binary operators have a shorthand form that combines an assignment with the bitwise operation.

Example

x = x ^ 127;
x ^= 127;