在 FastAPI 中,您可以创建可以接受表单或 JSON 正文的端点使用不同的方法。以下是几个选项:
此选项涉及创建一个依赖函数,该函数检查 Content-Type 请求标头的值并使用 Starlette 的方法解析正文,相应地。
from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends, Request
from starlette.datastructures import FormData
app = FastAPI()
async def get_body(request: Request):
content_type = request.headers.get('Content-Type')
if content_type is None:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail='No Content-Type provided!')
elif content_type == 'application/json':
return await request.json()
elif (content_type == 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' or
content_type.startswith('multipart/form-data')):
try:
return await request.form()
except Exception:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail='Invalid Form data')
else:
raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail='Content-Type not supported!')
@app.post('/')
def main(body = Depends(get_body)):
if isinstance(body, dict): # if JSON data received
return body
elif isinstance(body, FormData): # if Form/File data received
msg = body.get('msg')
items = body.getlist('items')
return msg
另一个选项是使用单个端点,并将文件和/或表单数据参数定义为可选。如果任何参数有值传递给它们,则意味着请求是 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data。否则,它可能是一个 JSON 请求。
from fastapi import FastAPI, UploadFile, File, Form
from typing import Optional, List
app = FastAPI()
@app.post('/')
async def submit(items: Optional[List[str]] = Form(None),
files: Optional[List[UploadFile]] = File(None)):
# if File(s) and/or form-data were received
if items or files:
filenames = None
if files:
filenames = [f.filename for f in files]
return {'File(s)/form-data': {'items': items, 'filenames': filenames}}
else: # check if JSON data were received
data = await request.json()
return {'JSON': data}
您还可以使用中间件检查传入请求并将其重新路由到 /submitJSON 或 /submitForm 端点,具体取决于在请求的 Content-Type 上。
from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
app = FastAPI()
@app.middleware("http")
async def some_middleware(request: Request, call_next):
if request.url.path == '/':
content_type = request.headers.get('Content-Type')
if content_type is None:
return JSONResponse(
content={'detail': 'No Content-Type provided!'}, status_code=400)
elif content_type == 'application/json':
request.scope['path'] = '/submitJSON'
elif (content_type == 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' or
content_type.startswith('multipart/form-data')):
request.scope['path'] = '/submitForm'
else:
return JSONResponse(
content={'detail': 'Content-Type not supported!'}, status_code=400)
return await call_next(request)
@app.post('/')
def main():
return
@app.post('/submitJSON')
def submit_json(item: Item):
return item
@app.post('/submitForm')
def submit_form(msg: str = Form(...), items: List[str] = Form(...),
files: Optional[List[UploadFile]] = File(None)):
return msg
您可以使用Python的requests库测试上述选项:
import requests
url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/'
files = [('files', open('a.txt', 'rb')), ('files', open('b.txt', 'rb'))]
payload ={'items': ['foo', 'bar'], 'msg': 'Hello!'}
# Send Form data and files
r = requests.post(url, data=payload, files=files)
print(r.text)
# Send Form data only
r = requests.post(url, data=payload)
print(r.text)
# Send JSON data
r = requests.post(url, json=payload)
print(r.text)
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