”工欲善其事,必先利其器。“—孔子《论语.录灵公》
首页 > 编程 > 使用 Spring Boot 构建您的第一个微服务系统:初学者指南

使用 Spring Boot 构建您的第一个微服务系统:初学者指南

发布于2024-11-07
浏览:249

Building Your First Microservice System with Spring Boot: A Beginners Guide

Introduction

In this guide, we'll walk through the creation of a simple yet comprehensive microservices system using Spring Boot. We will cover the basics of microservices, setting up the required environment, and implementing two microservices: OrderService and InventoryService. Additionally, we'll integrate service discovery using Eureka and an API Gateway to manage routing between the services.

What is a Microservice?

Microservices are a software architecture style where an application is built as a collection of small, independent services that work together. Each service is self-contained and communicates with others through well-defined APIs, making the system more flexible, scalable, and easier to manage.

System Architecture

The architecture of our system will consist of two microservices: OrderService and InventoryService. The OrderService will use a relational database (MySQL) to store order details, while the InventoryService will use a NoSQL database (MongoDB) for managing inventory data. We'll also implement service discovery with Eureka and use an API Gateway for routing requests.

Project Setup

Before we begin, ensure you have the following tools installed:

  • IDE: IntelliJ IDEA (preferred) or Eclipse
  • JDK: Version 17 or later
  • Build Tool: Maven
  • Databases: MySQL and MongoDB

Microservice 1: Order Service

Step 1: Initialize the Project

  1. Go to Spring Initializr.
  2. Fill in the project details:
    • Project: Maven Project
    • Language: Java
    • Spring Boot: 2.5.7 (or a compatible version)
    • Group: com.ordersystem
    • Artifact: order-service
    • Name: order-service
    • Package name: com.ordersystem.orderservice
    • Packaging: Jar
    • Java: 17
  3. Add the following dependencies:
    • Spring Web
    • Spring Data JPA
    • MySQL Driver
    • Lombok
  4. Click Generate to download the project. Extract the downloaded zip file and open it in your IDE.

Step 2: Configure the Application

Open the application.properties file in src/main/resources and add the following configuration:

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/orderservice
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=yourpassword
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect
server.port=8081

Step 3: Implement the Model

Create the Order entity class in src/main/java/com/ordersystem/orderservice/model/Order.java:

package com.ordersystem.orderservice.model;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Entity
@Table(name = "orders")
public class Order {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    private String product;
    private int quantity;
    private double price;
}

Step 4: Create the Repository

Create the OrderRepository interface in src/main/java/com/ordersystem/orderservice/repository/OrderRepository.java:

package com.ordersystem.orderservice.repository;

import com.ordersystem.orderservice.model.Order;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface OrderRepository extends JpaRepository {
}

Step 5: Implement the Service

Create the OrderService class in src/main/java/com/ordersystem/orderservice/service/OrderService.java:

package com.ordersystem.orderservice.service;

import com.ordersystem.orderservice.model.Order;
import com.ordersystem.orderservice.repository.OrderRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class OrderService {
    @Autowired
    private OrderRepository orderRepository;

    public List getAllOrders() {
        return orderRepository.findAll();
    }

    public Order getOrderById(Long id) {
        return orderRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
    }

    public Order createOrder(Order order) {
        return orderRepository.save(order);
    }

    public void deleteOrder(Long id) {
        orderRepository.deleteById(id);
    }
}

Step 6: Create the Controller

Create the OrderController class in src/main/java/com/ordersystem/orderservice/controller/OrderController.java:

package com.ordersystem.orderservice.controller;

import com.ordersystem.orderservice.model.Order;
import com.ordersystem.orderservice.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/orders")
public class OrderController {
    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;

    @GetMapping
    public List getAllOrders() {
        return orderService.getAllOrders();
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public Order getOrderById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        return orderService.getOrderById(id);
    }

    @PostMapping
    public Order createOrder(@RequestBody Order order) {
        return orderService.createOrder(order);
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public void deleteOrder(@PathVariable Long id) {
        orderService.deleteOrder(id);
    }
}

Microservice 2: Inventory Service

Step 1: Initialize the Project

  1. Go to Spring Initializr.
  2. Fill in the project details:
    • Project: Maven Project
    • Language: Java
    • Spring Boot: 2.5.7 (or a compatible version)
    • Group: com.ordersystem
    • Artifact: inventory-service
    • Name: inventory-service
    • Package name: com.ordersystem.inventoryservice
    • Packaging: Jar
    • Java: 17
  3. Add the following dependencies:
    • Spring Web
    • Spring Data MongoDB
    • Lombok
  4. Click Generate to download the project. Extract the downloaded zip file and open it in your IDE.

Step 2: Configure the Application

Open the application.properties file in src/main/resources and add the following configuration:

spring.data.mongodb.uri=mongodb://localhost:27017/inventoryservice
server.port=8082

Step 3: Implement the Model

Create the InventoryItem entity class in src/main/java/com/ordersystem/inventoryservice/model/InventoryItem.java:

package com.ordersystem.inventoryservice.model;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Document(collection = "inventory")
public class InventoryItem {
    @Id
    private String id;
    private String product;
    private int quantity;
}

Step 4: Create the Repository

Create the InventoryRepository interface in src/main/java/com/ordersystem/inventoryservice/repository/InventoryRepository.java:

package com.ordersystem.inventoryservice.repository;

import com.ordersystem.inventoryservice.model.InventoryItem;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.repository.MongoRepository;

public interface InventoryRepository extends MongoRepository {
}

Step 5: Implement the Service

Create the InventoryService class in src/main/java/com/ordersystem/inventoryservice/service/InventoryService.java:

package com.ordersystem.inventoryservice.service;

import com.ordersystem.inventoryservice.model.InventoryItem;
import com.ordersystem.inventoryservice.repository.InventoryRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class InventoryService {
    @Autowired
    private InventoryRepository inventoryRepository;

    public List getAllItems() {
        return inventoryRepository.findAll();
    }

    public InventoryItem getItemById(String id) {
        return inventoryRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);
    }

    public InventoryItem createItem(InventoryItem item) {
        return inventoryRepository.save(item);
    }

    public void deleteItem(String id) {
        inventoryRepository.deleteById(id);
    }
}

Step 6: Create the Controller

Create the InventoryController class in src/main/java/com/ordersystem/inventoryservice/controller/InventoryController.java:

package com.ordersystem.inventoryservice.controller;

import com.ordersystem.inventoryservice.model.InventoryItem;
import com.ordersystem.inventoryservice.service.InventoryService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/inventory")
public class InventoryController {
    @Autowired
    private InventoryService inventoryService;

    @GetMapping
    public List getAllItems() {
        return inventoryService.getAllItems();
    }

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public InventoryItem getItemById(@PathVariable String id) {
        return inventoryService.getItemById(id);
    }

    @PostMapping
    public InventoryItem createItem(@RequestBody InventoryItem item) {
        return inventoryService.createItem(item);
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public void deleteItem(@PathVariable String id) {
        inventoryService.delete

Item(id);
    }
}

Service Discovery with Eureka

Step 1: Initialize the Eureka Server

  1. Go to Spring Initializr.
  2. Fill in the project details:
    • Project: Maven Project
    • Language: Java
    • Spring Boot: 2.5.7 (or a compatible version)
    • Group: com.ordersystem
    • Artifact: eureka-server
    • Name: eureka-server
    • Package name: com.ordersystem.eurekaserver
    • Packaging: Jar
    • Java: 17
  3. Add the Eureka Server dependency.
  4. Click Generate to download the project. Extract the downloaded zip file and open it in your IDE.

Step 2: Configure the Eureka Server

Open the application.properties file in src/main/resources and add the following configuration:

server.port=8761
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false

Step 3: Enable Eureka Server

Annotate the main application class in src/main/java/com/ordersystem/eurekaserver/EurekaServerApplication.java with @EnableEurekaServer:

package com.ordersystem.eurekaserver;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

Integrate Services with Eureka

Add the Eureka client dependency to both OrderService and InventoryService:


    org.springframework.cloud
    spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client

Add Eureka client configuration to the application.properties files:

Order Service:

eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
spring.application.name=order-service

Inventory Service:

eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
spring.application.name=inventory-service

API Gateway

Step 1: Initialize the API Gateway

  1. Go to Spring Initializr.
  2. Fill in the project details:
    • Project: Maven Project
    • Language: Java
    • Spring Boot: 2.5.7 (or a compatible version)
    • Group: com.ordersystem
    • Artifact: api-gateway
    • Name: api-gateway
    • Package name: com.ordersystem.apigateway
    • Packaging: Jar
    • Java: 17
  3. Add the Gateway and Eureka Discovery Client dependencies.
  4. Click Generate to download the project. Extract the downloaded zip file and open it in your IDE.

Step 2: Configure the API Gateway

Open the application.yml file in src/main/resources and add the following configuration:

server:
  port: 8080

spring:
  application:
    name: api-gateway
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: order-service
          uri: lb://order-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/api/orders/**
        - id: inventory-service
          uri: lb://inventory-service
          predicates:
            - Path=/api/inventory/**

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

Step 3: Enable Discovery Client

Annotate the main application class in src/main/java/com/ordersystem/apigateway/ApiGatewayApplication.java with @EnableDiscoveryClient:

package com.ordersystem.apigateway;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ApiGatewayApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ApiGatewayApplication.class, args);
    }
}

Testing the Microservices

  1. Start Eureka Server: Run the Eureka Server application.
  2. Start Order Service: Run the Order Service application.
  3. Start Inventory Service: Run the Inventory Service application.
  4. Start API Gateway: Run the API Gateway application.

Use Postman or any other API client to test the endpoints through the API Gateway:

  • Create Order: POST http://localhost:8080/api/orders
  • Get Orders: GET http://localhost:8080/api/orders
  • Create Inventory Item: POST http://localhost:8080/api/inventory
  • Get Inventory Items: GET http://localhost:8080/api/inventory

Conclusion

In this guide, we've built a simple microservices system using Spring Boot. We created two microservices (OrderService and InventoryService), integrated service discovery with Eureka, and set up an API Gateway for routing requests. This architecture allows for scalable and maintainable microservices that can be easily extended in the future.

版本声明 本文转载于:https://dev.to/isaactony/building-your-first-microservice-system-with-spring-boot-a-beginners-guide-3b28?1如有侵犯,请联系[email protected]删除
最新教程 更多>
  • HTML格式标签
    HTML格式标签
    HTML 格式化元素 **HTML Formatting is a process of formatting text for better look and feel. HTML provides us ability to format text without us...
    编程 发布于2025-04-24
  • 在细胞编辑后,如何维护自定义的JTable细胞渲染?
    在细胞编辑后,如何维护自定义的JTable细胞渲染?
    在JTable中维护jtable单元格渲染后,在JTable中,在JTable中实现自定义单元格渲染和编辑功能可以增强用户体验。但是,至关重要的是要确保即使在编辑操作后也保留所需的格式。在设置用于格式化“价格”列的“价格”列,用户遇到的数字格式丢失的“价格”列的“价格”之后,问题在设置自定义单元格...
    编程 发布于2025-04-24
  • 如何使用node-mysql在单个查询中执行多个SQL语句?
    如何使用node-mysql在单个查询中执行多个SQL语句?
    Multi-Statement Query Support in Node-MySQLIn Node.js, the question arises when executing multiple SQL statements in a single query using the node-mys...
    编程 发布于2025-04-24
  • Android如何向PHP服务器发送POST数据?
    Android如何向PHP服务器发送POST数据?
    在android apache httpclient(已弃用) httpclient httpclient = new defaulthttpclient(); httppost httppost = new httppost(“ http://www.yoursite.com/script.p...
    编程 发布于2025-04-24
  • 大批
    大批
    [2 数组是对象,因此它们在JS中也具有方法。 切片(开始):在新数组中提取部分数组,而无需突变原始数组。 令ARR = ['a','b','c','d','e']; // USECASE:提取直到索引作...
    编程 发布于2025-04-24
  • Java是否允许多种返回类型:仔细研究通用方法?
    Java是否允许多种返回类型:仔细研究通用方法?
    在Java中的多个返回类型:一种误解类型:在Java编程中揭示,在Java编程中,Peculiar方法签名可能会出现,可能会出现,使开发人员陷入困境,使开发人员陷入困境。 getResult(string s); ,其中foo是自定义类。该方法声明似乎拥有两种返回类型:列表和E。但这确实是如此吗...
    编程 发布于2025-04-24
  • 将图片浮动到底部右侧并环绕文字的技巧
    将图片浮动到底部右侧并环绕文字的技巧
    在Web设计中围绕在Web设计中,有时可以将图像浮动到页面右下角,从而使文本围绕它缠绕。这可以在有效地展示图像的同时创建一个吸引人的视觉效果。 css位置在右下角,使用css float and clear properties: img { 浮点:对; ...
    编程 发布于2025-04-24
  • 如何简化PHP中的JSON解析以获取多维阵列?
    如何简化PHP中的JSON解析以获取多维阵列?
    php 试图在PHP中解析JSON数据的JSON可能具有挑战性,尤其是在处理多维数组时。 To simplify the process, it's recommended to parse the JSON as an array rather than an object.To do...
    编程 发布于2025-04-24
  • Python高效去除文本中HTML标签方法
    Python高效去除文本中HTML标签方法
    在Python中剥离HTML标签,以获取原始的文本表示 仅通过Python的MlStripper 来简化剥离过程,Python Standard库提供了一个专门的功能,MLSTREPERE,MLSTREPERIPLE,MLSTREPERE,MLSTREPERIPE,MLSTREPERCE,MLST...
    编程 发布于2025-04-24
  • Go语言垃圾回收如何处理切片内存?
    Go语言垃圾回收如何处理切片内存?
    Garbage Collection in Go Slices: A Detailed AnalysisIn Go, a slice is a dynamic array that references an underlying array.使用切片时,了解垃圾收集行为至关重要,以避免潜在的内存泄...
    编程 发布于2025-04-24
  • 如何修复\“常规错误:2006 MySQL Server在插入数据时已经消失\”?
    如何修复\“常规错误:2006 MySQL Server在插入数据时已经消失\”?
    How to Resolve "General error: 2006 MySQL server has gone away" While Inserting RecordsIntroduction:Inserting data into a MySQL database can...
    编程 发布于2025-04-24
  • 如何限制动态大小的父元素中元素的滚动范围?
    如何限制动态大小的父元素中元素的滚动范围?
    在交互式接口中实现垂直滚动元素的CSS高度限制问题:考虑一个布局,其中我们具有与用户垂直滚动一起移动的可滚动地图div,同时与固定的固定sidebar保持一致。但是,地图的滚动无限期扩展,超过了视口的高度,阻止用户访问页面页脚。$("#map").css({ marginT...
    编程 发布于2025-04-24
  • 版本5.6.5之前,使用current_timestamp与时间戳列的current_timestamp与时间戳列有什么限制?
    版本5.6.5之前,使用current_timestamp与时间戳列的current_timestamp与时间戳列有什么限制?
    在时间戳列上使用current_timestamp或MySQL版本中的current_timestamp或在5.6.5 此限制源于遗留实现的关注,这些限制需要对当前的_timestamp功能进行特定的实现。 创建表`foo`( `Productid` int(10)unsigned not n...
    编程 发布于2025-04-24
  • 如何使用不同数量列的联合数据库表?
    如何使用不同数量列的联合数据库表?
    合并列数不同的表 当尝试合并列数不同的数据库表时,可能会遇到挑战。一种直接的方法是在列数较少的表中,为缺失的列追加空值。 例如,考虑两个表,表 A 和表 B,其中表 A 的列数多于表 B。为了合并这些表,同时处理表 B 中缺失的列,请按照以下步骤操作: 确定表 B 中缺失的列,并将它们添加到表的末...
    编程 发布于2025-04-24
  • 如何正确使用与PDO参数的查询一样?
    如何正确使用与PDO参数的查询一样?
    在pdo 中使用类似QUERIES在PDO中的Queries时,您可能会遇到类似疑问中描述的问题:此查询也可能不会返回结果,即使$ var1和$ var2包含有效的搜索词。错误在于不正确包含%符号。通过将变量包含在$ params数组中的%符号中,您确保将%字符正确替换到查询中。没有此修改,PDO...
    编程 发布于2025-04-24

免责声明: 提供的所有资源部分来自互联网,如果有侵犯您的版权或其他权益,请说明详细缘由并提供版权或权益证明然后发到邮箱:[email protected] 我们会第一时间内为您处理。

Copyright© 2022 湘ICP备2022001581号-3