## class expression: const Person = class { } ## class declaration: class Person { constructor(fName, bYear){ this.fName = fName; this.bYear = bYear; } calcAge(){ console.log(2024 - this.bYear); } } - constructor is a method of this class. Pass values for properties to have in objects created using this fn. - then set the properties of the object using this.xxx = xxx; - On using 'new' operator, this constructor will be called automatically and return a new object which will be stored in LHS variable as shown below. Ex. const ronald = new Person('ronald',1975); // Person { fName: 'ronald', bYear: 1975 } - Methods are written outside the constructor fn and will be added to the prototype property of the object which can be verified using devConsole. Ex. ronald.calcAge(); // 49 ronald.__proto__ === Person.prototype; // true - No commas need to be added while adding multiple methods below the constructor fn inside the class. ## Hence, the above syntax works same as constructor fn syntax but with a familiar syntax of strongly typed class based languages. ## Adding a fn explicitly to the prototype: Person.prototype.greet = function(){ console.log(`Hey ${this.fName}`); } ronald.greet(); // 'Hey ronald'
Puntos de importación:
Propiedades del acceso: captadores y definidores, es decir, fns que obtienen y establecen el valor. Pero por fuera, todavía parecen propiedades normales.
Las propiedades normales se denominan propiedades de datos.
const account = { owner: 'jonas', movements: [200,300,100,500], get latest(){ // will return an array with last value. Hence, use pop to get the value. return this.movements.slice(-1).pop(); }, set latest(mov){ this.movements.push(mov); } } account.latest; // 500 account.latest = 50; account.latest; // 50 Just like above, classes also support the getter-setter methods but acccessed like using a property syntax. These are very useful for data validation.
Ex. Array.from() = Convierte una estructura similar a una matriz en una matriz.
Array.from(document.querySelector('h1'));
Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('h1'));
Ex. .from se adjunta al constructor Array, no a la propiedad prototipo del constructor. Por lo tanto, no todas las matrices heredan esta función.
[1,2,3].desde(); // .from no es una función
Ex. Number.parseFloat(12) es un método estático en el constructor Number, no disponible en variables numéricas.
// Static methods are not inherited. They are not added to prototype. className.fnName = function(){ console.log(this); // Entire constructor() which is calling the method console.log("JS is awesome") }; className.fnName(); // Rule = whatever object is calling the method, 'this' points to that object inside the fn. Hence its simply the entire constructor() above. //Inside class, we need to use static keyword for adding a static method. static fnName = function(){ console.log(this); // can point to the entire class defn console.log("JS is awesome") }; // Static methods and instance methods will be different from each other. // instance methods will be prototype, hence all instances can have access to them
Se utiliza manualmente para establecer el prototipo de nuestro objeto en cualquier objeto que queramos.
Se utilizará para implementar clases de herencia en blanco y negro.
Herencia prototípica implementada usando esta fn.
Object.create devuelve un objeto vacío.
Funciona de una manera diferente a la que funcionan las clases y fns del constructor.
Todavía existe una idea de herencia prototípica, incluso sin la participación del 'prototipo', el 'constructor()' y el operador 'nuevo'.
const PersonProto = { // This method will be looked up using __proto__ link calcAge(){ console.log(2024 - this.bYear); } }; // baba will be created, with its prototype set to PersonProto object. const baba = Object.create(PersonProto); baba; baba.name = 'Roger'; baba.bYear = '2000'; baba.calcAge();
Constructor Fn --(.prototipo)--> Persona.prototipo
Instancia de objeto --(proto)--> Persona.prototipo
Funciona igual que funcionó para constructores fn o en clases
No se necesita la propiedad constructor() o .prototype para lograr este objetivo.
const PersonProto = { // This method will be looked up using __proto__ link calcAge(){ console.log(2024 - this.bYear); }, // Noting special with init name, its a normal fn here. // This has nothing to with ES6 constructor() // Manual way of initialzing an object. init(fName, bYear){ this.fName = fName; this.bYear = bYear; } }; // baba will be created, with its prototype set to PersonProto object. const baba = Object.create(PersonProto); baba; baba.name = 'Roger'; baba.bYear = '2000'; baba.calcAge(); baba.__proto__; // { calcAge: [Function: calcAge] } baba.__proto__ === PersonProto; //true const alice = Object.create(PersonProto); alice.init("alice", 2000); alice; // { fName: 'alice', bYear: 2000 }
Formas de crear herencia prototípica:
Constructor Fn
Clases ES6
Objeto.crear
Todas estas técnicas permiten que el objeto busque métodos en su prototipo.
Las clases reales no existen en JS.
const Person = function(firstName, bYear){ this.firstName = firstName; this.bYear = bYear; }; Person.prototype.calcAge = function(){ console.log(2024 - this.bYear); }; const Student = function(firstName, bYear, course){ // This is the duplicate code, any change in Person won't be reflected here. this.firstName = firstName; this.bYear = bYear; this.course = course; }; Student.prototype.introduce = function(){ console.log(`My name is ${this.firstName} and I study ${this.course}`); } const matt = new Student("Matt", 2000, "CSE"); matt.introduce(); // 'My name is Matt and I study CSE'
const Person = function(firstName, bYear){ this.firstName = firstName; this.bYear = bYear; }; Person.prototype.calcAge = function(){ console.log(2024 - this.bYear); }; const Student = function(firstName, bYear, course){ // Person(firstName, bYear); -> This doesn't work because we are calling it as a regular fn call. 'new' has to be used to call this fn constructor. This fn call is simply a regular fn call, in which 'this' is set 'undefined'. Hence, an error as it cannot set firstName on undefined. // We want to set the 'this' inside this fn to be same as inside Person above. Person.call(this, firstName, bYear); this.course = course; }; Student.prototype.introduce = function(){ console.log(`My name is ${this.firstName} and I study ${this.course}`); } const matt = new Student("Matt", 2000, "CSE"); matt.introduce(); // 'My name is Matt and I study CSE'
'new' crea un vínculo automáticamente entre la instancia del objeto y su prototipo a través de proto
La idea general de la herencia es que la clase secundaria puede compartir el comportamiento de las clases principales en la cadena del prototipo.
Prototipo[Objeto.prototipo] = nulo; // Se ubica encima de la cadena prototipo.
const Person = function(firstName, bYear){ this.firstName = firstName; this.bYear = bYear; }; Person.prototype.calcAge = function(){ console.log(2024 - this.bYear); }; const Student = function(firstName, bYear, course){ Person.call(this, firstName, bYear); this.course = course; }; // Student.prototype = Person.prototype; => This doesn't work because we won't get the prototype chain, rather we will get // Constructor fn[i.e Person()] --------------> Person.prototype // Constructor fn[i.e Student()] --------------> Person.prototype // Object [Matt] __proto__: Student.prototype ---> Person.prototype // Student.prototype manually linked for lookup to Person.prototype. // This has to be done here and not after else Object.create will overwrite any of the existing methods like introduce() on it. Student.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype); Student.prototype.introduce = function(){ console.log(`My name is ${this.firstName} and I study ${this.course}`); } const matt = new Student("Matt", 2000, "CSE"); matt.introduce(); // 'My name is Matt and I study CSE' matt.calcAge(); // 24 matt.__proto__; // Person { introduce: [Function (anonymous)] } matt.__proto__.__proto__; // { calcAge: [Function (anonymous)] } matt.__proto__.__proto__.__proto__; // [Object: null prototype] {} Student.prototype.constructor = Student; // [Function: Student] matt instanceof Student; // true matt instanceof Person; // true matt instanceof Object; // true
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