Distinguishing "pip install" and "python -m pip install"

When working with local versions of Python, it may be confusing to encounter two similar commands for installing packages: "pip install" and "python -m pip install." Let's explore the difference between these commands and understand their respective roles.

Functionally Identical

Both "pip install" and "python -m pip install" serve the same purpose of installing Python packages from package repositories such as PyPI. They essentially execute the same underlying code, ensuring that the correct version of Python is used for the installation process.

Usage Preference

While both commands yield the same result, the documentation currently recommends using "python -m pip install" instead of the "pip install" executable. This is especially useful when multiple Python versions are installed on a system.

Using "python -m pip install" explicitly specifies the version of Python to use for the installation. This ensures that the correct pip binary associated with that specific Python version is utilized. In contrast, "pip install" may default to the system-wide pip binary, which might not match the desired Python version.

Technical Background

• "pip install" is a wrapper script that typically points to the appropriate pip executable based on the system configuration.
• "python -m pip install" directly invokes the pip module within the specified Python environment.

Conclusion

Understanding the difference between "pip install" and "python -m pip install" is crucial for effective package management in Python. While both commands ultimately perform the same installation task, "python -m pip install" provides more explicit control over Python version selection, making it the preferred choice in situations where multiple Python environments are present.