Shadowing Variables in C

In object-oriented programming, shadowing occurs when a variable defined within a class has the same name as a variable in an outer scope. This can lead to unexpected behavior, as the inner variable takes precedence over the outer variable.

Problem: Shadowing in a Class

Consider the following class definition:

class Measure {
    int N;
    double measure_set[];
    char nomefile[];
    double T;

    public:
    void get( );
    void printall( );
    double mean( );
    double thermal_comp( );
};

The get method in this class is intended to read values from a file and save them in the measure_set array, and to read a temperature value and store it in the T variable.

However, when you implement the get method as follows:

void Measure::get() {
    cout > nomefile;
    cout > measure_set[M];
        if (f.eof()) break;
        M  ;
    }
    f.close();
    N = M   1;

    cout > T;
    cout 
You noticed that the temperature value (T) is being stored in the first element of the measure_set array (measure_set[0]) instead of the intended T variable.
Solution
This occurs because C   allows variables with the same name to be declared in different scopes. In this case, the T variable declared in the get method shadows the class member variable T.
To avoid shadowing, you can either use different names for the variables or use the scope resolution operator (::) to explicitly refer to the class member variable.
Using a different name for the temperature variable in the get method would look like this:
void Measure::get() {
    cout > nomefile;
    cout > measure_set[M];
        if (f.eof()) break;
        M  ;
    }
    f.close();
    N = M   1;

    cout > temperature;
    T = temperature;
    cout 
Using the scope resolution operator to explicitly refer to the class member variable would look like this:
void Measure::get() {
    cout > nomefile;
    cout > measure_set[M];
        if (f.eof()) break;
        M  ;
    }
    f.close();
    N = M   1;

    cout > this->T;  // Use the scope resolution operator to refer to the class member variable
    cout