here is a list of programming questions, with the explanatory answers and additional examples for each:

1. What is the purpose of transactions in SQL?

Response:

Ensure the integrity of the data stored in the database.

Explanation:

SQL transactions ensure that database operations are consistent and safe. They follow the principles of accidents (atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability), ensuring that either all transaction operations are performed or none of them. If a failure occurs, the transaction can be reversed, maintaining the integrity of the data.

Example:

Imagine a transaction that involves the transfer of money between two bank accounts. If the transfer fails in the middle of the process, the transaction must be reversed to ensure that the money is not lost.

2. What is the main reason for using software development (for example, TypeScript)?

Response:

Ease in detecting errors and bugs.

Explanation:

Static typing, as in the case of TypeScript, helps to identify type errors during development even before the code is executed. This can significantly reduce the amount of bugs related to incorrect data types, facilitating maintenance and improving code quality.

Example:

In TypeScript, when declaring a variable as an age: Number = "25";, the compiler will generate an error, because we are assigning a string to a variable of the type number.

3. What is the benefit of using an ORM-Relate Mapper (ORM) in an application?

Response:

to simplify the object mapping process for database tables.

Explanation:

ORMs allow you to work with objects in the code and map them automatically to the database tables without writing SQL directly. This facilitates interaction with the database, increasing productivity and avoiding common SQL errors

Example:

With an ORM like sequelize (for node.js), when creating a user object, you can save and recover this object automatically in the database without writing SQL queries manually.

4. What is the main difference between null and undefined in JavaScript?

Response:

"null" is explicitly assigned to indicate the absence of any object value, while "UNDEFINED" is the standard value for non -initialized variables.

Explanation:

• null is an explicitly attributed value to indicate the absence of value or object.
• UNDEFINED is the default value for variables that are declared but not initialized.

Example:

let a = null;  // null é atribuído explicitamente
let b;         // b é undefined porque não foi inicializado

console.log(a);  // null
console.log(b);  // undefined

5. How can flexbox be used to horizontally centralize an element within your father container?

Response:

apply the "display: flex" property to the father container and use the "Justify-Content: Center" property.

Explanation:

Flexbox facilitates the alignment of elements. To centralize an element horizontally, you must configure the dad container with display: flex and use justify-contract: center to align items horizontally in the center.

Example:

.container {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
}

.item {
  width: 50%;
}

  
  
  6. Como otimizar o pseudocódigo para verificar se um número N é primo?


Resposta:


Utilizar a raiz quadrada de N como limite superior do loop.

Explicação:


Em vez de verificar todos os números até (N-1), você pode verificar até a raiz quadrada de (N). Isso reduz significativamente a quantidade de verificações, pois, se (N) tem um divisor maior que sua raiz quadrada, o outro divisor já terá sido encontrado antes.

Exemplo:



function isPrime(N) {
  if (N 
  
  
  7. 
 What is the purpose of transactions in SQL? 



Response:


 Ensure the integrity of the data stored in the database. 
 

Explanation:

SQL transactions are used to ensure that database operations are completed correctly or, otherwise, reversed. This ensures that the database remains consistent, even in case of failure. 



Example:

In a sales transaction, if payment fails after inventory update, the transaction can be reversed to ensure that the inventory is not updated without payment being made. 





  
  
  8.


Response:

 git merge - -abort  



Explanation:

If you run a merge and realize that you have brought the changes of the wrong branch, you can use the Git Merge command - -abort to cancel the merge and return to the previous state, without the changes being applied. 


Example:



 Git Merge Feature-Branch
# If you realize that Merge was done on the wrong white
GIT MERGE - -Abort









  
  
  9. 
git merge feature-branch
# Se perceber que o merge foi feito na branch errada
git merge --abort



Response:

 to simplify the object mapping process for database tables.  



Explanation:

ORM allows you to work with objects in your code, and ORM takes care to map these objects to the database automatically without having to write SQL directly. 


Example:

Using ORM Sequelize, when creating a new user, it automatically saves the data in the database without you write SQL: 



 const for user = sequelize.define ('user', {
  name: sequelize.string,
  Email: sequelize.string
});

User.create ({name: 'John DOE', email: '[email protected]'});









 These examples and explanations should help better understand the concepts covered in programming issues. 
const User = sequelize.define('User', {
  name: Sequelize.STRING,
  email: Sequelize.STRING
});

User.create({ name: 'John Doe', email: '[email protected]' });