How to Pass Parameters Effectively in C

In C , there are specific guidelines for passing parameters correctly to optimize efficiency while maintaining clarity in your code.

Passing Modes

Pass by lvalue reference: Use this when the function needs to modify the original object passed, with changes being visible to the caller.

Pass by lvalue reference to const: Choose this when the function needs to observe the object's state without modifying it or creating a copy.

Pass by value: Opt for this when the function doesn't modify the original object and only needs to observe it. It's preferred for fundamental types where copying is fast.

Handling Rvalues

For rvalues, pass by rvalue reference: This avoids unnecessary moves or copies. Use perfect forwarding to handle both lvalues and rvalues, ensuring efficient binding.

Handling Expensive Moves

Use constructor overloads: Define overloads for lvalue references and rvalue references. This allows the compiler to select the correct overload based on the parameter type, ensuring no unnecessary copies or moves.

Example Application

Let's revisit the CreditCard example considering these guidelines:

Pass CreditCard by rvalue reference:

Account(std::string number, float amount, CreditCard&& creditCard):
  number(number)
  , amount(amount)
  , creditCard(std::forward(creditCard))
{}

This ensures a move from the rvalue CreditCard passed as an argument.

Use constructor overloads:

Account(std::string number, float amount, const CreditCard& creditCard):
  number(number)
  , amount(amount)
  , creditCard(creditCard)
{}

Account(std::string number, float amount, CreditCard&& creditCard):
  number(number)
  , amount(amount)
  , creditCard(std::move(creditCard))
{}

This allows the compiler to select the correct overload, either copying from an lvalue or moving from an rvalue.

By applying these guidelines, you can optimize parameter passing in C , maintaining code clarity and efficiency.