Out-of-Order Items in JSON Objects with "json.dumps"?

In your code, you're using "json.dumps" to convert a list of dictionaries into JSON. However, you've noticed that the order of the keys within each dictionary is not as expected. Specifically, you need the keys to appear in the order of "id", "name", and "timezone".

Reasoning

Both Python dictionaries (before Python 3.7) and JSON objects are unordered collections. This means that the order of the keys in a dictionary or JSON object is not guaranteed.

Solution 1: Sorting Keys

You can use the "sort_keys" parameter of "json.dumps" to sort the keys in the output JSON. For example:

import json

countries.append({"id":row.id,"name":row.name,"timezone":row.timezone})
print(json.dumps(countries, sort_keys=True))

This will output JSON with the keys in the following order:

[
   {"id": 1, "name": "Mauritius", "timezone": 4}, 
   {"id": 2, "name": "France", "timezone": 2}, 
   {"id": 3, "name": "England", "timezone": 1}, 
   {"id": 4, "name": "USA", "timezone": -4}
]

Solution 2: Using OrderedDict

If you need a specific order for the keys, you can use the "collections.OrderedDict" class. OrderedDict preserves the order of the keys inserted into it. For example:

from collections import OrderedDict

countries_by_id = OrderedDict()
countries_by_id["id"] = row.id
countries_by_id["name"] = row.name
countries_by_id["timezone"] = row.timezone

print(json.dumps(countries_by_id))

This will output JSON with the keys in the order of "id", "name", and "timezone".

Additional Note

In Python 3.6 and later, the order of keyword arguments is preserved in dictionaries. This means that you can achieve the same result as using OrderedDict by simply specifying the keys in the desired order when creating the dictionary:

countries = {"id": row.id, "name": row.name, "timezone": row.timezone}

This will automatically preserve the order of the keys in the output JSON.